What is the function of IL-23?

IL-23 functions in innate and adaptive immunity, and is a key cytokine for promoting inflammatory responses in a variety of target organs. The most important function ascribed to IL-23 is its role in the development and differentiation of effector Th17 cells via activation of STAT3.

What is IL-23 inhibitor?

Biologics are protein-based medications that target specific parts of the immune system. IL-23 inhibitors target a type of cytokine called IL-23. Cytokines are a class of proteins that help transmit signals from one cell to another. IL-23 plays a role in a signaling pathway that triggers inflammation.

What cell produces IL-23?

IL-23 is mainly produced by macrophages and dendritic cells, in response to exogenous or endogenous signals, and drives the differentiation and activation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells with subsequent production of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, IL-22, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).

How is IL-23 produced?

IL-23 is produced primarily by activated macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). It expands Th17 cells and maintains their phenotype such as their cytokine production including IL-17A, which is their major effector molecule15.

What is the function of IL 12?

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates T-cell and natural killer-cell responses, induces the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), favours the differentiation of T helper 1 (TH1) cells and is an important link between innate resistance and adaptive immunity.

Does Th17 produce IL-23?

This puts the spotlight on IL-23, which is secreted by skin DCs, and induces production of proinflammatory mediators by Th17 cells such as IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. These mediators will act on KCs leading to their activation and hyperproliferation.

What is the difference between IL-17 and IL-23?

Both IL-17 and IL-23 are implicated in PsA pathogenesis; however, IL-17-mediated inflammation may be more central in the development of cardiometabolic comorbidities and axial spondyloarthritis, whereas IL-23 may be more important in IBD immunopathogenesis.

Is IL-12 a proinflammatory cytokine?

Interleukin-12: a proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity.

What is the difference between IL-12 and IL-23?

The p40 subunit is shared with IL-12. IL-23 and IL-12 have different receptors and different effects. Whereas IL-12 induces development of Th1 cells, which produce interferon-γ, IL-23 is involved in differentiation of Th17 cells in a pro-inflammatory context and especially in the presence of TGF-β and IL-6.

What is interinterleukin-23 (IL-23)?

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine composed of two subunits, p19 and p40. The p40 subunit is shared with IL-12.

What is the role of interleukin 23 (IL-23) in psoriasis?

Since the identification of high levels of interleukin 23 (IL- 23) in psoriasis lesional skin, as well as finding that IL-23 was the most important source of the p40 subunit shared by IL-12 and IL-23, significant effort has been made in identifying potential new drugs that specifically block the unique IL-23 p19 subunit.

What are the approved inhibitors of IL-23 p19?

At this time, 2 inhibitors of IL-23 p19 have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, guselkumab and tildrakizumab. Two other agents, risankizumab and mirikizumab, have completed phase 3 and phase 2 of development, respectively.