What is the limit of KF factor?
Standardization is valid, if concentration should be not less than 5 mg and not more than 7mg. The relative Standard deviation between two average KF factors of water and DST determined consecutively should not be more than 3.0 % [Average of two factors (2 with water and 2 with DST) to be considered for calculation.]
How do you calculate Karl Fischer factor?
How do you calculate Karl Fischer factor? The water equivalence factor F is determined according to the formula 0.1566 x w / v in mgs of H2O per ml of reagent, where W is the sodium tartrate weight in mgs, and V is the reagent volume in ml.
What is Karl Fischer moisture determination?
The Karl Fischer (KF) titration is a method of determining the water content of solid, liquid and gaseous samples. It is the technique preferred for use in industrial quality control. In principle it involves the oxidation of sulfur dioxide by iodine, in the presence of water, in a buffered solution.
What is coulometric analysis?
Coulometric analysis is an electrochemical method, in which an analyte of interest is exhaustively electrolysis adjacent to the surface of electrode [1].
Why Methanol is used in KF titration?
Most liquid samples dissolve in methanol, which is the usual solvent in Karl Fischer determinations. To determine the total amount of water, the sample must dissolve completely. Other solvents can be added to methanol in specific proportions to liberate the water more efficiently.
When detecting gas What would coulometric titration be used for?
Coulometric titration can detect even the small quantities of water present in gases. Usually a sample likely to have water content up to about 2% of sample, or 200 micrograms of water, is recommended, which would mean a total liquid sample size of 10 milliliters.
What is a coulometric sensor?
A Coulometric Sensor is a fuel cell that performs in accordance with Faraday’s Law. This reaction is measured by the sensor, the magnitude of which is proportional to the amount of oxygen flowing into the sensor per unit of time.
Why pyridine is used in Karl Fischer titration?
One of the most important developments in Karl Fischer titration chemistry was the replacement of pyridine with imidazole. Pyridine is a relatively weak base and the equilibrium of the reaction is not completely shifted toward the products.
What is difference between Lod and MC?
Both have a considerable difference to understand. Water content is determined by the Karl Fischer titration method and it consists of only water i.e moisture content. Loss on Drying is an unspecific analytical technique removing not only water but all other volatile impurities like alcohol etc. from a sample.
Can the Karl Fischer coulometric titrator method be adjusted?
The Karl Fischer coulometric titrator method can be adjusted depending on the application and accuracy needed. Adjustment requires some understanding of the titrator’s working and controlling principles. To help ensure accurate adjustment, many titrators have methods built-in that can be used for more common applications.
What is water determination by Karl Fischer?
Water Determination by Karl Fischer. Karl Fischer titration has become one of the most widely used techniques for the determination of water content in a variety of substances. Many pharmaceutical products contain water in adsorbed form, and as a result, the determination of the water content is important in demonstrating compliance with…
What is Karl Fischer reagent used for?
Karl Fischer reagents contain the sulfur dioxide, iodine, base and solvent necessary for USP <921> direct titration (Method 1a). The apparatus is designed for accurate determination of moisture content. The endpoint is determined potentiometrically. This method is best used for Drug Products that do not easily dissolve.
How long does it take to test Karl Fischer?
We offer quick turnaround time on method development and validation for Karl Fischer testing (in as little as two weeks). All Testing is performed in humidity controlled laboratories, eliminating moisture contaminations from the ambient environment.