What is a GC-MS instrument?

What are GC MS Instruments Used For? Gas chromatograph mass spectrometers are generally used to analyze small, relatively non-polar compounds, and are widely used in forensics, food safety, environmental monitoring, and petrochemicals, among others.

Which method is used for estimation of carbohydrates?

The Phenol – Sulfuric Acid method is an example of a colorimetric method that is widely used to determine the total concentration of carbohydrates present in foods. A clear aqueous solution of the carbohydrates to be analyzed is placed in a test-tube, then phenol and sulfuric acid are added.

What does GC-MS measure?

GC/MS can measure the amount of every chemical present in a given sample simply by comparing the particular chemical to pre-measured standard. GC/MS identifies any unknown chemical in the sample.

How do you do GC-MS analysis?

1) Inject sample into Gas Chromatograph (GC) – The sample is injected into a port which is heated to up to 300° C where the material is then volatilized. 2) Separation of gaseous components as they flow through the column – The column is wound within a special oven which controls temperatures from -20° to 320°.

Why is GC-MS used?

GC-MS is extensively used for the analysis of these compounds which include esters, fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes etc. It is also used to detect and measure contaminants from spoilage or adulteration which may be harmful and which is often controlled by governmental agencies, for example pesticides.

What is an advantage of GC-MS?

One of the major advantages of GC-MS compared to LC-MS is the high reproducibility of generated mass spectra using EI. The electron impact ionization process, used in GC-MS, is a hard ionization that results in the production of very reproducible mass spectra from one instrument to another.

What is carbohydrate analysis?

Carbohydrate analysis is of great importance in the food sciences because of the significant role of polysaccharides as macronutrients, as major constituents of dietary fiber, and as food structure components contributing to textural properties, and food additives.

What is quantitative carbohydrate analysis?

Quantitative determinations of carbohydrates and organic acids were carried out by the UV test combinations glucose/fructose, sucrose/glucose, citric acid and malic acid (Boeringer, Mannheim, BRD). The tests used for carbohydrates allow determination of glucose in the presence of both fructose and sucrose.

What are the limitations of GC-MS?

However, GC–MS suffers from two major limitations: First, only a relatively small range of volatile, thermally stable compounds are amenable for analysis, and second, EI mass spectra suffer from a frequent absence or weakness of the molecular ions.

Do we need derivatives of carbohydrates for GC and GC-MS analyses?

Derivatization of carbohydrates for GC and GC-MS analyses GC and GC-MS are excellent techniques for the analysis of carbohydrates; nevertheless the preparation of adequate derivatives is necessary. The different functional groups that can be found and the diversity of samples require specific methods.

Can MS detection be used to detect carbohydrates?

Outside the areas of proteomics and biophar- maceuticals, there are only a few reports using MS detection for analysis of carbohydrates. Two reports used flow injection analy- sis (FIA) into the MS instrument1,2, and another used rubidium in the mobile phase as a complexing agent for NMR and ESI-MS3.

What is the best method for the analysis of carbohydrates?

GC and GC-MS are excellent techniques for the analysis of carbohydrates; nevertheless the preparation of adequate derivatives is necessary. The different functional groups that can be found and the diversity of samples require specific methods. This review aims to collect the most important methodol …

How do you HPLC carbohydrate analysis?

Carbohydrate analysis by HPLC is usually performed on amino-bonded reversed-phase columns. A 70–80% aqueous acetonitrile solution is suitable to elute low-molecular-weight sugars, isocratically, within 20 min; for the detection of the eluate, refractive index detectors are necessary.