How will you synthesize phenytoin?
Principle: Base catalyzed reaction between benzyl and urea is used for synthesis of phenytoin. The reaction is proceeding via intramolecular cyclization to form an intermediate heterocylic pinacol, which on acidification yield hydantoin (phenytoin) as a result of 1,2-diphenyl shift in pinacol rearrangement reaction.
What is phenytoin soluble?
Phenytoin is a white, odorless powder at room temperature (Ak- ron 2009). It is practically insoluble in water, but it is soluble in ace- tone, ethanol, and alkali hydroxides (IARC 1996).
Which name reaction is followed in synthesis of phenytoin?
Phenytoin, 5,5-diphenylimidazolidinedione is synthesized in two different ways. The first involves a base catalyzed addition of urea to benzil followed by a benzilic acid rearrangement (1,2 phenyl migration) to form the desired product. This is known as the Biltz Synthesis of phenytoin.
What is phenytoin made from?
Each Dilantin— 100 mg Extended Oral Capsule—contains 100 mg phenytoin sodium. Also contains lactose monohydrate, NF; confectioner’s sugar, NF; talc, USP; and magnesium stearate, NF. The capsule body contains titanium dioxide, USP and gelatin, NF. The capsule cap contains FD&C red No.
What is the use of Benzil?
Benzil 5 Tablet belongs to a group of medicines known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It relaxes and widens the blood vessels, making it easier for the blood to pass through the vessels.
How do you make phenothiazine?
In preparing phenothiazine by the present method sulphur is heated together with an excess of diphenylamine to a temperature at which the mixture reacts to evolve hydrogen sulphide.
How would you prepare the soluble phenytoin sodium from phenytoin?
Phenytoin and phenytoin sodium are prepared by treating benzaldehyde with sodium cyanide to form benzoin, which is oxidized to benzil with nitric acid or cupric sulfate.
How is Dilantin metabolized?
Phenytoin is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, and is particularly susceptible to inhibitory drug interactions because it is subject to saturable metabolism.
What is benzil Benzilic acid rearrangement?
The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. The reaction is formally a ring contraction when used on cyclic diketones.
Is benzil a ketone?
Benzil is an alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively. It is an alpha-diketone and an aromatic ketone.
How is phenytoin metabolized?
Phenytoin is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes primarily to 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl-),5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH), which may be further metabolized to a catechol that spontaneously oxidizes to semiquinone and quinone species that covalently modify proteins.
Is Dilantin soluble in water?
The molecular structure of phenytoin is shown above. It is a white, or almost white, odourless or almost odourless, crystalline powder. It is practically insoluble in water and soluble 1 in 70 alcohol. Phenytoin sodium is the sodium salt of phenytoin.
How do you synthesize phenytoin from benzil?
Phenytoin was synthesized by the reaction of benzil with. urea in the presence of sodium hydroxide. There were. impurities in phenytoin. Impurities were removed by washing. with water and then recrystallize d the phenytoin with ethanol. Then pure form of phenytoin was obtained.
What is the reaction between benzyl and urea to produce phenytoin?
Base catalyzed reaction between benzyl and urea is used for synthesis of phenytoin. The reaction is proceeding via intramolecular cyclization to form an intermediate heterocylic pinacol, which on acidification yield hydantoin (phenytoin) as a result of 1,2-diphenyl shift in pinacol rearrangement reaction.1
What is the difference between phenytoin and Alpha benzilmonoxime?
Phenytoin was prepared by the reaction of benzil with urea in the presence of sodiumhydroxide. Alpha benzilmonoxime was prepared by the reaction of benzil with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of sodiumhydroxide and ethanol.
How much urea do you mix with benzil to make phenylene?
PREPARATION OF PHENYTOIN In an RB flask, 1.5g of Benzil, 0.75g of urea, 22mL of Ethanol and 4.5mL of 30% aqueous Sodium Hydroxide are mixed.