What is Eponychial fold?

The eponychium refers to the dorsal nail fold and the skin proximal to the nail, while the hyponychium refers to the palmar skin distal to the nail. The paronychium refers to the skin around the lateral nail folds.

What is Eponychial Marsupialization?

The most common surgical technique used to treat chronic paronychia is called eponychial marsupialization. In this technique, the affected digit is first anesthetized with 1% lidocaine (Xylocaine), with no epinephrine, using the digital ring block method.

What is the nail fold?

The nail fold is the tissue that encloses the nail matrix at the root of the nail. It attaches the nail to the rest of the skin through the protective cuticle. Paronychia is a common infection that afflicts the skin around the nails.

What does the Perionychium do?

Only primates have a perionychium on the dorsal distal portion of each finger and each toe. The flat nail on the end of the human finger allows for increased sensory perception in the pad of the finger and for efficient and accurate picking up of small objects.

How do you perform Trephination?

One of the techniques most commonly taught to new practitioners is to employ heat to melt a hole in the nail. A heated paper-clip tip or a portable medical electrocautery unit may be used (Figure 2). Some clinicians feel that trephination accomplished through the use of heat is more painful than other methods.

Why are my fingernails deformed?

Abnormalities — such as spots, discoloration, and nail separation — can result from injuries to the fingers and hands, viral warts (periungual warts), infections (onychomycosis), and some medications, such as those used for chemotherapy. Certain medical conditions can also change the appearance of your fingernails.

How do you use I&D paronychia?

The technique is performed as follows:

1. The needle is positioned bevel up and laid horizontally on the nail surface; it is inserted at the lateral nail fold where it meets the nail itself, at the point of maximum fluctuance.
2. The skin of the nail fold is lifted, releasing pus from the paronychia cavity.

What is chronic paronychia?

Chronic paronychia is an inflammatory disorder of the nail folds of a toe or finger presenting as redness, tenderness, and swelling. It is recalcitrant dermatoses seen commonly in housewives and housemaids. It is a multifactorial inflammatory reaction of the proximal nail fold to irritants and allergens.

Why do nails fold?

Nail clubbing occurs when the tips of the fingers enlarge and the nails curve around the fingertips, usually over the course of years. Nail clubbing is sometimes the result of low oxygen in the blood and could be a sign of various types of lung disease.

What are nails?

A nail is a claw-like plate at the tip of the fingers and toes in most primates. Nails correspond to claws found in other animals. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called alpha-keratin, which is a polymer. Alpha-keratin is found in the hooves, claws and horns of vertebrates.

What is a nail Perionychium?

The skin proximal to the nail that covers the nail fold is the eponychium. The tissue distal to the eponychium in contact with the nail represents the cuticle.

What are the eponychium Perionychium and Hyponychium?

The perionychium includes the nail bed, nail fold, eponychium, paronychium, and hyponychium. Paronychium refers to the skin on each side of the nail, and hyponychium refers to the skin distal to the nail bed. The eponychium is the skin proximal to the nail that covers the nail fold.

What is the best way to remove an eponychial fold?

Ideally, incision and drainage should allow egress of the infection with minimal damage to the nail bed. This can be achieved by using an 11 or 14 blade scalpel to incise just above the nail bed, along the eponychial fold, without actually cutting through the eponychial skin itself.

What is the medical definition of eponychium?

Medical Definition of eponychium. 1 : the thickened layer of epidermal tissue over the developing fetal fingernail or toenail that disappears before birth except over the base of the nail. 2 : the distal margin of the superficial layer of a proximal nail fold that is a horny band of epidermis extending over the base of a nail : cuticle.

What is an example of folding in cooking?

Use the same technique of moving a spatula or a spoon through the two mixtures until they are combined. Examples: The stiffly beaten egg whites were carefully folded into the cheese sauce to make the souffle base. “Folding” is a very precise term in cooking and baking.

What is epidermis of nail?

ep·o·nych·i·um 1 The thin, condensed, eleidin-rich layer of epidermis that precedes and initially covers the nail plate in the embryo. 2 The corneal layer of epidermis overlapping and in direct contact with the nail root proximally or the sides of the… 3 The thin skin adherent to the nail at its proximal portion. More