How does HNO3 react with benzene?
Benzene reacts with concentrated nitric acid at 323-333k in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. This reaction is known as nitration of benzene.
Why does benzene not react with nitric acid?
Sulfuric acid is needed in order for a good electrophile to form. Sulfuric acid protonates nitric acid to form the nitronium ion (water molecule is lost). The nitronium ion is a very good electrophile and is open to attack by benzene. Without sulfuric acid the reaction would not occur.
How is NO2+ formed?
The concentrated sulphuric acid is acting as a catalyst. The electrophile is the “nitronium ion” or the “nitryl cation”, NO2+. This is formed by reaction between the nitric acid and the sulphuric acid.
How does benzene react with water?
Benzene is nonpolar and water is highly polar. If we add benzene to water, benzene will float on the top of the water with no apparent mixing. Thus, a few benzene molecules will enter the water layer, but the strong hydrogen bonds among the water molecules keeps most of the benzene molecules out.
How do you add NO2 to benzene ring?
Nitration happens when one (or more) of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group, NO2. Benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. The mixture is held at this temperature for about half an hour.
How do you add a methyl group to a benzene ring?
An alkyl group can be added to a benzene molecule by an electrophile aromatic substitution reaction called the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction. One example is the addition of a methyl group to a benzene ring. The mechanism for this reaction begins with the generation of a methyl carbocation from methylbromide.
How do you get NO2 on benzene?
Nitration happens when one (or more) of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group, NO2. Benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. The mixture is held at this temperature for about half an hour.
Does benzene mix with water?
Benzene is insoluble in water according to this definition. Benzene is a symmetrical compound and thus it has zero dipole moment and is non-polar, while water is a polar compound possessing dipole moment. Hence, it is insoluble in water.
How do you add No2 to benzene?
How do you add methyl group to benzene?
What happens when benzene is heated with H2SO4 and HNO3?
When benzene is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid ( H 2 SO 4) and concentrated nitric (HNO 3) acid, nitrobenzene is given as the product. A hydrogen atom of benzene is replaced by a nitro group (-NO 2) in this reaction. In this tutorial, we will learn followings.
What happens when benzene reacts with concentrated nitric acid?
Benzene reacts with concentrated nitric acid at 323-333k in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. This reaction is known as nitration of benzene. The mechanism for nitration of benzene: Step 1: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion.
What happens when HNO3 is added to H2O?
When we add HNO3 to H2O the HNO3 will dissociate and break into H+ and NO3 -. Since the H+ (often called a “proton”) and the NO3 – are dissolved in water we can call them H+ (aq) and NO3 – (aq). The aq stands for aqueous – something that is dissolved in water.
How do you make nitrobenzene?
The replacement of a hydrogen atom in the benzene ring by a nitro group (-NO 2) is called nitration. Benzene is heated with concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid about 330K temperature to obtain nitrobenzene. Water is given as a by-product.